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Applied Geology and Geochemistry

Pete McGrail

Pete McGrail

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352

Research Interests

  • Carbon Management and Climate Change:
  • geologic sequestration
  • in situ mineralization
  • supercritical CO2-brine chemistry
  • pulsed field gradient NMR
  • Gas Hydrates:
  • dissociation kinetics and modeling
  • physical properties of hydrate-bearing porous media
  • characterization of natural hydrate core samples
  • advanced hydrate production methods
  • high-pressure scanning laser ramman spectroscopy
  • resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
  • Geochemical Modeling:
  • radionuclide geochemistry
  • Tc oxidation and transport
  • adsorption phenomena
  • EQ3NR/EQ6, PHREEQE
  • Numerical Modeling of Fluid, Heat and Mass Transfer Processes:
  • coupled flow, transport, and chemical reaction processes
  • performance assessment of waste disposal systems
  • inverse chemical transport modeling (INVERTS)
  • Nuclear Waste Forms:
  • waste glasses, ceramics, polycrystalline materials
  • dissolution kinetics (theoretical and experimental)
  • diffusion
  • ion-exchange
  • secondary phase paragenesis
  • HLW Tank Closure
  • tank fillers
  • source-term modeling from tank residuals
  • Inventions: Remote Magnetic Stirrer for Gamma Irradiation Facility; Apparatus Two-Phase Single-Pass Flow-Through System; Pressurized Unsaturated Flow (PUF) System

Education and Credentials

  • Ph.D., Environmental Engineering
  • M.S., Nuclear Engineering
  • B.S., Nuclear Engineering
  • Japanese Program for Professionals

Affiliations and Professional Service

  • International Expert Panel Member, Glass Model for Repository (GLAMOR), SCK-CNE, Mol, Belgium
  • Session Chair, Geological Society of America Annual Conference, November 13-17, 2000. Reno, Nevada
  • Session Chair, International Topical Workshop on Glass in Its Disposal Environment, April 11-13, 2000. Burges, Belgium
  • Materials Research Society
  • American Ceramic Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Book Editor and Symposium Chairman, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Materials Research Society, November 26-30, 2001. Boston, Massachusetts

Awards and Recognitions

  • Outstanding Achievement Award, Pressurized Unsaturated Flow System Development, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1998.
  • Outstanding Technical Achievement Award, Tank Waste Remeidation System, Ferrocyanide Unreviewed Safety Quesiton (USQ), 1992.
  • Outstanding Speaker Award, American Society of Metals, Puget Sound Chapter, 1987.

PNNL Publications

2009

  • Daschbach JL, X Sun, TM Chang, PK Thallapally, BP McGrail, and LX Dang. 2009. "Computational studies of load-dependent guest dynamics and free energies of inclusion for CO2 in low-density p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene at loadings up to 2:1 ." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113(14):3369-3374.  doi:10.1021/jp808490g
  • Glezakou VA, LX Dang, and BP McGrail. 2009. "Spontaneous activation of CO2 and possible corrosion pathways on the low-index Iron surface Fe(100)." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113(9):3691-3696. 
  • Schaef HT, and BP McGrail. 2009. "Dissolution of Columbia River Basalt Under Mildly Acidic Conditions as a Function of Temperature: Experimental Results Relevant to the Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide." Applied Geochemistry 24(5):980-987. 
  • Tian J, PK Thallapally, SJ Dalgarno, BP McGrail, and JL Atwood. 2009. "Amorphous Molecular Organic Solids for Gas Adsorption." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48(30):5492 –5495. 

2008

  • Icenhower JP, BP McGrail, WJ Shaw, EM Pierce, P Nachimuthu, DK Shuh, EA Rodriguez, and JL Steele. 2008. "Experimentally determined dissolution kinetics of Na-rich borosilicate glass at far from equilibrium conditions: Implications for Transition State Theory." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72(12):2767-2788.  doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.026
  • Pierce EM, EA Rodriguez, LJ Calligan, WJ Shaw, and BP McGrail. 2008. "An Experimental Study of the Dissolution Rates of Simulated Aluminoborosilicate Waste Glasses as a Function of pH and Temperature under Dilute Conditions." Applied Geochemistry 23(9):2559-2573.  doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.006
  • Thallapally PK, BP McGrail, SJ Dalgarno, and JL Atwood. 2008. "Gas/solvent-induced transformation and expansion of a nonporous solid to 1:1 host guest form." Crystal Growth & Design 8(7):2090-2092.  doi:10.1021/cg800347n
  • Thallapally PK, BP McGrail, SJ Dalgarno, HT Schaef, J Tian, and JL Atwood. 2008. "Gas-Induced Transformation and Expansion of a Non-Porous Organic Solid." Nature Materials 7(2):146-150.  doi:10.1038/nmat2097
  • Thallapally PK, J Tian, RK Motkuri, CA Fernandez, SJ Dalgarno, BP McGrail, JE Warren, and JL Atwood. 2008. "Flexible (Breathing) Interpenetrated Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO2 Separation Applications." Journal of the American Chemical Society 130(50):16842–16843.  doi:10.1021/ja806391k
  • Daschbach JL, PK Thallapally, BP McGrail, and LX Dang. 2008. "Dynamics and free energies of CH4 and CO2 in the molecular solid of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene." Chemical Physics Letters 453(4-6):123-128.  doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2008.01.031

2007

  • McGrail BP, HT Schaef, MD White, T Zhu, AS Kulkarni, RB Hunter, SL Patil, AT Owen, and PF Martin. 2007. Using Carbon Dioxide to Enhance Recovery of Methane from Gas Hydrate Reservoirs: Final Summary Report. PNNL-17035, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Thallapally PK, BP McGrail, and JL Atwood. 2007. "Sorption of nitrogen oxides in a nonporous crystal." Chemical Communications (15):1521-1523.  doi:10.1039/b617340c
  • Thallapally PK, BP McGrail, JL Atwood, C Gaeta, and P Neri. 2007. "Carbon Dioxide Capture in a Self-Assembled Organic Nanochannels." Chemistry of Materials 19(14):3355-3357.  doi:10.1021/cm0709121
  • Daschbach JL, PK Thallapally, JL Atwood, BP McGrail, and LX Dang. 2007. "Free energies of CO2/H-2 capture by p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene. A molecular dynamics study." Journal of Chemical Physics 127(10):Art. No. 104702. 
  • McGrail BP, S Ahmed, HT Schaef, AT Owen, PPNNL Martin, and T Zhu. 2007. "Gas Hydrate Property Measurements in Porous Sediments With Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy." Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 112(B05202):, doi:10.1029/2005JB004084
  • Pierce EM, BP McGrail, PPNNL Martin, JC Marra, BW Arey, and KN Geiszler. 2007. "Accelerated Weathering of High-Level and Plutonium-bearing Lanthanide Borosilicate Waste Glasses under Hydraulically Unsaturated Conditions." Applied Geochemistry 22(9):1841-1859.  doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.056

2006

  • Icenhower JP, DM Strachan, BP McGrail, RD Scheele, EA Rodriguez, JL Steele, and VL LeGore. 2006. "Dissolution kinetics of pyrochlore ceramics for the disposition of plutonium ." American Mineralogist 91(1):39-53. 
  • Saripalli KP, VL Freedman, BP McGrail, and PD Meyer. 2006. "Characterization of the specific solid-water interfacial area-water saturation relationship and its import to reactive transport ." Vadose Zone Journal 5(2):777-783.  doi:10.2136/vzj2005.0145
  • Daschbach JL, TM Chang, LR Corrales, LX Dang, and BP McGrail. 2006. "Molecular mechanisms of hydrogen loaded B-hydroquinone clathrate." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110(35):17291-17295.  doi:10.1021/jp062691c S1520-6106(06)02691-5
  • Mattigod SV, BP McGrail, DE McCready, LQ Wang, KE Parker, and JS Young. 2006. "Synthesis and Structure of Perrhenate Sodalite." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 91(1-3):139-144. 
  • McGrail BP, HT Schaef, AM Ho, YJ Chien, JJ Dooley, and CL Davidson. 2006. "Potential for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Flood Basalts." Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 111(B12):Art. No. B12201. 
  • Ojovan MI, W Lee, A Barinov, IV Startsceva, DH Bacon, BP McGrail, and JD Vienna. 2006. "Corrosion of low level vitrified radioactive waste in a loamy soil." Glass Technology 47(2):48-55. 
  • Pierce EM, BP McGrail, MM Valenta, and DM Strachan. 2006. "The Accelerated Weathering of a Radioactive Low-Activity Waste Glass Under Hydraulically Unsaturated Conditions: Experimental Results from a Pressurized Unsaturated Flow Test." Nuclear Technology 155(2):149-165. 
  • Pierce EM, BP McGrail, LM Bagaasen, EA Rodriguez, DM Wellman, KN Geiszler, SR Baum, LR Reed, JV Crum, and HT Schaef. 2006. Laboratory Testing of Bulk Vitrified Low-Activity Waste Forms to Support the 2005 Integrated Disposal Facility Performance Assessment. PNNL-15126 Rev. 2, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 

2005

2004

  • Icenhower JP, A Luttge, BP McGrail, MS Beig, RS Arvidson, EA Cordova, JL Steele, and SR Baum. 2004. "Results of Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI) of Dissolved Borosilicate Glass: Evidence for Variable Surface Features and Global Surface Retreat." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXVI, vol. 757, ed. Robert J. Finch and Daniel B. Bullen, pp. 119-126.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Icenhower JP, SD Samson, A Luttge, and BP McGrail. 2004. "Towards a Consistent Rate Law: Glass Corrosion Kinetics Near Saturation." In “Energy, Waste, and the Environment – A geochemical Perspective” , ed. R. Gieré and P. Stille, pp. 579-594.  Geological Society of London, London, United Kingdom. 
  • Bacon DH, MD White, and BP McGrail. 2004. Subsurface Transport Over Reactive Multiphases (STORM): A Parallel, Coupled, Nonisothermal Multiphase Flow, Reactive Transport, and Porous Medium Alteration Simulator, Version 3.0. PNNL-14783, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • McCready DE, SV Mattigod, JS Young, and BP McGrail. 2004. "X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Na8(AlSiO4)6(ReO4)2." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis : Proceedings of the Denver X-Ray Conference, vol. 47, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA. 
  • Pierce EM, BP McGrail, JP Icenhower, EA Cordova, JL Steele, and SR Baum. 2004. "Kinetic Rate Law Parameter Measurements on a Borosilicate Waste Glass: Effect of Temperature, pH, and Solution Composition on Alkali Ion Exchange." In American Chemical Society Division of Environmental Chemistry. Preprints of extended abstracts presented at the 228th ACS National Meeting, Philadelphia, PA August 22-26, 2004, vol. 44, no. 2; part 3, pp. 1151-1158.  American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 
  • Pierce EM, BP McGrail, EA Rodriguez, HT Schaef, P Saripalli, RJ Serne, KM Krupka, PF Martin, SR Baum, KN Geiszler, LR Reed, and WJ Shaw. 2004. Waste Form Release Data Package for the 2005 Integrated Disposal Facility Performance Assessment. PNNL-14805, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Pierce EM, BP McGrail, LM Bagaasen, DM Wellman, JV Crum, KN Geiszler, and SR Baum. 2004. Progress Report on the Laboratory Testing of the Bulk Vitrification Cast Refractory. PNNL-14935, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 

2003

  • Icenhower JP, A Luttge, BP McGrail, MS Beig, RS Arvidson, EA Cordova, JL Steele, and SR Baum. 2003. "Results of Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI) of Dissolved Borosilicate Glass: Evidence for Variable Surface Features and Global Surface Retreat." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Mangement XXVI: symposium held December 2-5, 2002, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 757, ed. Robert J. Finch; Daniel B. Bullen, pp. 119-126.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Bacon DH, and BP McGrail. 2003. "Lessons Learned From Reactive Transport Modeling of a Low-Activity Waste Glass Disposal System." Computers & Geosciences 29(2003):361-370. 
  • Bacon DH, and BP McGrail. 2003. "Waste Form Release Calculations for Performance Assessment of the Hanford Immobilized Low-Activity Waste Disposal Facility Using a Parallel, Coupled Unsaturated Flow and Reactive Transport Simulator." In 26th Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 757, ed. Robert J. Finch and Daniel B. Bullen, pp. 43-48.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Bacon DH, MI Ojovan, BP McGrail, N Ojovan, and IV Startsceva. 2003. "Vitrified Waste Corrosion Rates From Field Experiment and Reactive Transport Modeling." In 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation, vol. 2, ed. Gary Benda and Fred Sheil, pp. 803-809.  American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Oxford, England. 
  • Icenhower JP, WJ Weber, NJ Hess, S Thevuthasan, BD Begg, BP McGrail, EA Cordova, JL Steele, and KN Geiszler. 2003. "Experimental Determination of Dissolution Kinetics of Zr-Substituted Gd-Ti Pyrochlore Ceramics: Influence of Chemistry on Corrosion Resistance." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXVI, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 757, ed. RJ Finch and DB Bullen, pp. 227-234, paper no. II6.1.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • McGrail BP, DH Bacon, RJ Serne, and EM Pierce. 2003. A Strategy to Assess Performance of Selected Low-Activity Waste Forms in an Integrated Disposal Facility. PNNL-14362, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • McGrail BP, EM Pierce, HT Schaef, EA Rodriguez, JL Steele, AT Owen, and DM Wellman. 2003. Laboratory Testing of Bulk Vitrified and Steam Reformed Low-Activity Waste Forms to Support A Preliminary Risk Assessment for an Integrated Disposal Facility. PNNL-14414, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • White MD, and BP McGrail. 2003. "Numerical Investigations of Multifluid Hydrodynamics During Injection of Supercritical CO2 into Porous Media." In 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-6), 30th September-4th October, 2002, vol. I, ed. J. Gale and Y. Kaya, pp. 449-456.  Pergamon, Oxford, United Kingdom. 

2002

  • Saripalli KP, RJ Serne, PD Meyer, and BP McGrail. 2002. "Prediction of Diffusion Coefficients in Porous Media using Tortuosity Factors Based on Interfacial Areas ." Ground Water 40(4):346-352. 
  • Saripalli P, and BP McGrail. 2002. "Semi-analytical approaches to modeling deep well injection of CO2 for geological sequestration." Energy Conversion and Management 43(2):185-198. 
  • Saripalli P, BP McGrail, and DC Girven. 2002. "Adsorption of Molybdenum on to Anatase from Dilute Aqueous Solutions." Applied Geochemistry 17(5):649-656. 
  • Saripalli P, BP McGrail, and DC Girvin. 2002. "Adsorption of molybdenum on to anatase from dilute aqueous solutions." Applied Geochemistry 17(5):649-656. 
  • Bacon DH, and BP McGrail. 2002. Effect of Design Changes On Remote Handled Trench Waste Form Release Calculations. PNNL-13947, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Bacon DH, BP McGrail, VL Freedman, G Ventura, PN Risoluti, and KM Krupka. 2002. "Performance Assessment of Low-Level Waste Disposal Facilities Using Coupled Unsaturated Flow and Reactive Transport Simulators." In Scientific basis for nuclear waste management XXV : symposium held November 26-29, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts; Materials Research Society symposium proceedings , vol. 713, ed. McGrail, B. P.; Cragnolino, G. A., pp. 267-274.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Bredt PR, CC Ainsworth, FJ Brockman, DM Camaioni, OB Egorov, AR Felmy, YA Gorby, JW Grate, MS Greenwood, BP Hay, NJ Hess, TL Hubler, JP Icenhower, SV Mattigod, BP McGrail, PD Meyer, CJ Murray, PD Panetta, DM Pfund, D Rai, Y Su, SK Sundaram, WJ Weber, and JM Zachara. 2002. Science to Support DOE Site Cleanup: The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Environmental Management Science Program Awards -- Fiscal Year 2002 Mid-Year Progress Report. PNNL-13928, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Icenhower JP, BP McGrail, DM Strachan, RD Scheele, VL Legore, EA Cordova, JL Steele, CF Brown, and MJ O'Hara. 2002. "Experimental Determination of the Dissolution Kinetics of Plutonium- and Uranium-Bearing Ceramics at 90 degrees C." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 713, ed. B.P. McGrail and G.A. Cragnolino, pp. 433-440 paper no. JJ11.38.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Icenhower JP, BP McGrail, WJ Weber, BD Begg, NJ Hess, EA Cordova, JL Steele, CF Brown, and MJ O'Hara. 2002. "Dissolution of A2Ti2O7 (A = Y3?, Gd3?, or Lu3?) Pyrochlore by Experiment at pH = 2, T = 90 C: Evidence for Solubility Control Using a Linear Free Energy Model." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 713, ed. BP McGrail and GA Cragnolino, pp. 397-403 paper no. JJ6.2.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Mattigod SV, RJ Serne, BP McGrail, and VL Legore. 2002. "Radionuclide Incorporation in Secondary Crystalline Minerals from Chemical Weathering of Waste Glasses." In MRS Symposium , vol. 713, pp. 597-606.  Materials Research Society , Warrendale, PA. 
  • McGrail BP, JP Icenhower, and EA Cordova. 2002. "Origins of Discrepancies Between Kinetic Rate Law Theory and Experiments in the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 System." In Scientific basis for nuclear waste management XXV: Symposium held November 26-29, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, vol. 713, ed. McGrail, B.P. and Cragnolino, G. A., pp. 537-546.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Shutthanandan V, DR Baer, S Thevuthasan, EM Adams, S Maheswaran, MH Engelhard, JP Icenhower, and BP McGrail. 2002. "High Energy Ion Beam Studies of Ion Exchange in a Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass." Journal of Applied Physics 91(4):1910-1920. 

2001

  • McGrail BP. 2001. "Inverse Reactive Transport Simulator (Inverts): An Inverse Model for Contaminant Transport with Nonlinear Adsorption and Source Terms." Environmental Modelling & Software, with Environmental Data News 16(8):711-723. 
  • Bacon DH, and BP McGrail. 2001. Waste Form Release Calculations for the 2001 Immobilized Low-Activity Waste Performance Assessment. PNNL-13369, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Begg BD, NJ Hess, WJ Weber, R Devanathan, JP Icenhower, S Thevuthasan, and BP McGrail. 2001. "Heavy-Ion Irradiation Effects on Structures and Acid Dissolution of Pyrochlores." Journal of Nuclear Materials 288(2-3):208-216. 
  • McGrail BP, JP Icenhower, DK Shuh, P Liu, JG Darab, DR Baer, S Thevuthasan, V Shutthanandan, MH Engelhard, CH Booth, and P Nachimuthu. 2001. "The Structure of Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass: Impact on Sodium Ion Exchange in H2O and D2O." Journal of Non-crystalline Solids 296:10-26. 
  • McGrail BP, DH Bacon, JP Icenhower, FM Mann, RJ Puigh, HT Schaef, and SV Mattigod. 2001. "Near-Field Performance Assessment for a Low-Activity Waste Glass Disposal System: Laboratory Testing to Modeling Results." Journal of Nuclear Materials 298(1-2):95-111. 
  • McGrail BP, PF Martin, KP Saripalli, SL Bryant, and BM Sass. 2001. "Use of Forced Mineral Trapping for Sequestration of CO2." In First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration.  National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV. 
  • Meyer PD, BP McGrail, and DH Bacon. 2001. Test Plan for Field Experiments to Support the Immobilized Low-Activity Waste Disposal Performance Assessment at the Hanford Site. PNNL-13670, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Nozaki A, BP McGrail, MJ Fayer, and KP Saripalli. 2001. "A Coupled Mechanical-Chemical Stability Analysis for a Low Activity Waste Disposal Facility at the Hanford Site." Computers & Structures 79(16):1503-1516. 
  • Rai D, Y Xia, NJ Hess, DM Strachan, and BP McGrail. 2001. "Hydroxo and Chloro Complexes/Ion-Interactions of Hf4+ and the Solubility Product of HfO2(am)." Journal of Solution Chemistry 30(11):949-967. 
  • Shutthanandan V, S Thevuthasan, DR Baer, EM Adams, S Maheswaran, MH Engelhard, JP Icenhower, and BP McGrail. 2001. "Investigation of Alkali Ion Exchange Processes in Waste Glasses Using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Nuclear Reaction Analysis." In Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry: sixteenth international conference, Denton, Texas, 1-5 November 2000, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 576, ed. J. L. Duggan and I.L. Morgan, pp. 454-457.  American Institute of Physics, New York, NY. 

2000

  • Icenhower JP, BP McGrail, HT Schaef, and EA Cordova. 2000. "Dissolution Kinetics of Titanium Pyrochlore Ceramics at 90?C by Single-Pass Flow-Through Experiments." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXIII, vol. 23, ed. R.W. Smith and D.W. Shoesmith, pp. 373-378 .  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • McGrail BP, PF Martin, HT Schaef, CW Lindenmeier, and AT Owen. 2000. "Glass/Ceramic Interactions in the Can-In-Canister Configuration for Disposal of Excess Weapons Plutonium." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXIII, Symposium, 29 Nov.-2 Dec.1999, Boston, MA, USA. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., vol. 608, pp. 345-352.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Abraitis PK, BP McGrail, DP Trivedi, FR Livens, and DJ Vaughan. 2000. "Single-pass flow-through experiments on a simulated waste glass in alkaline media at 40 degrees C. I. Experiments conducted at variable solution flow rate to glass surface area ratio." Journal of Nuclear Materials 280(2):196-205. 
  • Abraitis PK, BP McGrail, DP Trivedi, FR Livens, and DJ Vaughan. 2000. "Single-pass flow-through experiments on a simulated waste glass in alkaline media at 40 degrees C. II. Experiments conducted with buffer solutions containing controlled quantities of Si and Al." Journal of Nuclear Materials 280(2):206-215. 
  • Bacon DH, MD White, and BP McGrail. 2000. Subsurface Transport Over Reactive Multiphases (STORM): A General, Coupled, Nonisothermal Multiphase Flow, Reactive Transport, and Porous Medium Alteration Simulator, Version 2, User's Guide. PNNL-13108, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Begg BD, WJ Weber, R Devanathan, JP Icenhower, S Thevuthasan, and BP McGrail. 2000. "Heavy-Ion Irradiation Effects in Pyrochlores." In Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries V, Ceramic Transactions, vol. 107, ed. G.T. Chandler and X. Feng, pp. 553-560.  The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH. 
  • McGrail BP, JP Icenhower, PF Martin, DR Rector, HT Schaef, EA Rodriguez, and JL Steele. 2000. Low-Activity Waste Glass Studies: FY2000 Summary Report. PNNL-13381, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 
  • Vienna JD, A Jiricka, BP McGrail, BM Jorgensen, DE Smith, BR Allen, JC Marra, DK Peeler, KG Brown, IA Reamer, and WL Ebert. 2000. Hanford Immobilized LAW Product Acceptance: Initial Tanks Focus Area Testing Data Package . PNNL-13101, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 

1999

  • McGrail BP, CW Lindenmeier, and PF Martin. 1999. "Characterization of pore structure and hydraulic property alteration in pressurized unsaturated flow tests." In Scientific Basis For Nuclear Waste Management XXII, Materials Research Society Symosium Proceedings, vol. 556, pp. 421-428.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • McGrail BP, PF Martin, CW Lindenmeier, and HT Schaef. 1999. "Application of the Pressurised Unsaturated Flow (PUF) Test for Accelerated Ageing of Waste Forms." In Ageing Studies and Lifetime Extension of Materials, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Ageing Studies and Lifetime Extension of Materials, ed. Leslie G. Mallinson, pp. 313-320.  Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, NY. 
  • Abraitis PK, BP McGrail, and DP Trivedi. 1999. "The Effects of Silicic Acid, Aluminate Ion Activity and Hydrosilicate Gel Development on the Dissolution Rate of a Simulated British Magnox Waste Glass." In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXII, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Symposium held Nov. 30-Dec. 4, 1998, Boston, MA., vol. 556, ed. David J. Wronkiewicz; Joon H. Lee, pp. 401-408.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA. 
  • Darab JG, JC Linehan, and BP McGrail. 1999. "NMR characterization of simulated Hanford low-activity waste glasses and its use in understanding waste form chemical durability." In Scientific Basis For Nuclear Waste Management XXII, Materials Research Society Symposium Procedings, vol. 556, pp. 337-344.  Materials Research Society, Warrendale. 
  • Mattigod SV, and BP McGrail. 1999. "Estimating the standard free energy of formation of zeolites using the polymer model." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 27(1):41-47. 

1998

Applied Geology and Geochemistry

Additional Information